پژوهش نامه ی علوی
سال سوم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1391)

Imam Ali’s five year ruling is a lasting example of the political system in Islam and a ruling way based on religion justice and freedom. Trough exact and precious investigating، we can identify and apply proper approaches for managing the present world. Imam Ali’s ruling was based on important foundations and features and in spite of many challenges; it aimed many goals and responsibilities. Achieving these objectives and responsibilities requires efficient management and organizational design and qualified agents through which he can establish religion، justice and security in Islamic community. In this paper، the major features of Imam Ali’s government which are in sharp contrast with despotic utilitarian and oppressive governments would be enumerated and discussed.

Extracting patterns and models of management is a concern over the recent years and has led many researchers toward comparative historical studies. Although this is feasible and efficient، selection of models and methods to access this area of study is also noteworthy. Using appropriate research methods in the field of humanities، especially historical and religious studies help the researcher to have better understanding of how historical events and issues shaping the religious texts in that conditions and the dominated discourse in that era and eventually find its management patterns. Battles of Jamal، Siffin and Nehru in the reign of Imam Ali (AS) were the social and political crises which cause divisions in the Muslim community، undermining public acceptance of authority and leadership and loss of Muslim community public acceptance. These wars took place at the instigation of those who deny the truth of hypocrisy for the Muslim community; hence، studying the behavior of Imam Ali (AS) in crisis management can help to do the same today. Extracting Patterns to manage these crises through studying Imam Ali (AS) ’s letters using quantitative and qualitative content analysis methods are the goal pursued in this paper.

On the eve of Islam، Quraish tribe was the most significant Arab tribe. They had dominance on other tribes. This dominance continued after Islam too and left some effects on Islamic community. Though the Prophet Mohammad and Ali themselves came from Quraish، they were so much annoyed by them. Quraish chiefs and main figures were always making troubles during Ali''s Caliphate، because of unreasonable expectation and also because they lost their heroes in physical battles of first decades of Islam by Ali''s sword and because Imam Ali saw them like others people. Quraish chiefs firstly tried to prevent Ali''s Caliphate. Then after Ali’s Caliphate they played the key role in weakening his Caliphate. Based on an analytic-descriptive method، in this paper we try to find how Quraish chiefs played the key role in depriving Imam Ali (AS) from Islamic Caliphate.

Qur’an dedication to ethics and the Prophets and Imams (AS) emphasis on applying it in all aspects of human life shows the unique role of it in individual and social life. Therefore، considering and using it in all areas of life is inevitable. So working، because of its close relationship with ethics، will not lead to the desired results، unless the relevant ethical principles and standards are considered. Among these، some factors affect reinforcing applying this approach. In this paper، we will analyze and identify these factors by dealing with verses and traditions and especially relying on the worthy words of Imam Ali (AS).

Undoubtedly، one of the most important occurrences in the history of Islam is Ghadir Occurrence، in which one of the most important issues of the Islamic Community –i. e. the Prophet Caliph–is declared. Several groups and people spokes about this occurrence. Historians registered it in their books. Also it is recorded and implicated in some of the Households narrations (Hadith(s) of Ahl-al-Bait). Likewise many poets saved and registered this occurrence as a poem that among them there are Christian Poets. In this paper، we will explain these subjects by analyzing two odes of two Christian poets (Bules Salaama and Abdolmasih Antaki). These two poets: a) mentioned history and historical truth and realities more than fancies; b) described details of Ghadir Occurrence such as، the warmth description، crowdedness، obvious stress of the Holy Prophet (pbuh)، etc; c) pay attention to some of the Qur’anic verses، Hadith (s) and historical occurrences; d) applied poetic affection in their poems truly and succeeded in expressing their feelings.

“The world” is one of the subjects discussed considerably in the Islamic texts، especially in Nahj-al-Balaghah with careful and effective details and eloquent allegories and metaphors. This subject is important to discuss; since، by having a basic and proper knowledge of the world and its good and badness، the lifestyle may be improved، and this، in turn، will be effective in the improvement of the condition of society. Basically، Imam Ali looks the world from two points of view، each of which has remarkable qualities، based on man’s attitude towards the natural world. It is in this regard that “quest of worldly gain and request of hereafter”، and consequently، “praise and reproach of the world”، will be meaningful. Of course، the main point in Imam Ali’s point of view about the world is nothing but “the world is for man not the man for the world”، without any reduction in the importance of the world. The purpose is to respect the human values not to invalidate the values of the world. This paper tries to study the world in the Imam Ali point of view، and in this regard، to discuss issues including the relationship between man and the world، praise and reproach of the world، the significance of “being interested in the world”، and the conflict between this and the next world.